A team of astronomers of Leiden University and the University of Texas (Austin, United States) has discovered a new way to map distant galaxies. They did so by observing the fingerprint of oxygen in a ...

If you repeat a measurement with the same or different instruments, you'll get slightly different numbers each time. Estimating the uncertainties associated with these numbers turns them into an ...

The hyperfine structure of atomic spectra arises from interactions between the electromagnetic moments of the atomic nucleus and the surrounding electrons. These interactions, dominated by the ...