EVIDENCE is sometimes adduced to indicate that the Hindu-Arabic numerals, or closely allied forms of them, were known in western Europe before this knowledge could have passed through Muslim Spain.

Professor Bhargava, who teaches at Princeton University, US, emphasised that the numerals 0 to 9 were already in use in India by the 4th century CE.

Here’s something Sr. Mary Agatha, your 8th-grade math teacher, never taught you. Before Hindu-Arabic numerals were widespread throughout Christendom, the Cistercian monks throughout Europe in the ...

SACRAMENTO - There is no law in California requiring students to use Arabic numbers in schools - because they already do. Arabic numerals are what Europeans and Americans use: The 10-digit system. A ...