His term “state-city” emphasizes the overall political and administrative ... For the king, the aim was to make “submission not just tolerable but actually desirable.” That enabled Mesopotamian rule ...

Archaeologists have unearthed “administrative tablets,” which provide the oldest tangible proof of the world’s ...

This 8th-century miniature, by the Spanish monk Beatus of Liébana, depicts the Bible story of Babylonian King Nebuchadrezzar eating grass as divine punishment. Photograph by Granger Collection ...

Modern historiography has tended to assume that violence was the primary driving force behind the formation of the first ...

Archaeologists made a staggering discovery underneath the world's oldest city, uncovering 4,000 canals that would have fed over 700 farms. Eridu in southern Mesopotamia, or modern-day Iraq ...