The terahertz (THz) absorption properties of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate, which are the main components of kidney stone, are investigated experimentally in the frequency ...

Impaired renal function poses a risk across all age groups. Because of the global shortage of nephrologists, the growing public health concern over renal failure, and technological improvements, there ...

The cysts become larger and the kidneys enlarge along with them. Slowly, the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste from the blood, which leads to progressive loss of kidney function and ...