In healthy hearts, these cells form the cardiac pacemaker and are found in the sinoatrial node in the right atrium. They produce roughly 60–100 action potentials every minute.

The action potential includes a depolarization (activation) followed by a repolarization (recovery). The action potential occurs in all cardiac cells but its appearance varies depending on cell type.

This diagram illustrates the action potential profile of a nodal cell within the heart, with time plotted against membrane potential. From this diagram, several characteristics of a nodal cell can be …

Cardiac action potential (AP) is defined as a small voltage change (approximately 0.1 V) that initiates the contraction of cardiac myocytes, enabling the orderly spread of electrical excitation …

Nov 26, 2025 · This lecture focuses on action potentials in the heart, called cardiac action potentials. This includes the action potentials of pacemaker cells and non-pacemaker cells …

In the cardiac myocyte, the membrane potential is dominated by the K+ equilibrium potential. An action potential is initiated when this resting potential becomes shifted towards a more positive …

The action potentials of cardiac contractile and pacemaker cells illustrate the intricate movements of ions that facilitate heart function. In cardiac contractile cells, the process begins with a …